20 Gauge TSS Load Recipe – Everything You Need to Know
Waterfowl hunters are always in search of more effective ammunition that can deliver denser patterns and harder-hitting power at longer ranges. This is where Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) loads have become a game-changer. TSS uses denser tungsten pellets instead of lead, allowing for tighter patterns and increased kinetic energy downrange. Among the various gauges, the 20 gauge has emerged as a popular choice for TSS loads, offering a perfect balance of power and portability.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the world of 20 gauge TSS load recipes, covering every aspect from component selection to fine-tuning your handloads for optimal performance. Whether you’re a seasoned reloader or a beginner looking to venture into TSS loads, this article will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to craft the perfect recipe for your next waterfowl hunt.
What is a 20 Gauge TSS Load?
A 20 gauge TSS load is a shotshell that uses tungsten-based shot pellets instead of traditional lead. Tungsten is a dense material, with a specific gravity of around 19.3, compared to lead’s 11.3. This increased density translates to several advantages for waterfowl hunters:
- Denser Patterns: TSS pellets retain more energy and momentum downrange, resulting in tighter and more consistent patterns at longer distances.
- Harder-Hitting Power: The increased mass and density of TSS pellets deliver more kinetic energy on target, enhancing the potential for clean kills.
- Reduced Lead Exposure: By eliminating lead from the equation, TSS loads are more environmentally friendly and reduce the risk of lead poisoning in wetland areas.
The 20 gauge is an excellent choice for TSS loads because it strikes a balance between the power of larger gauges and the portability of smaller ones. With the right load recipe, a 20 gauge TSS shell can deliver impressive performance while minimizing recoil and allowing for easier swing and target acquisition.
Key Components of a 20 Gauge TSS Load Recipe
Crafting an effective 20 gauge TSS load recipe requires careful consideration of several key components. Each element plays a crucial role in achieving the desired velocity, pattern density, and overall performance. Let’s break down these components:
Choosing the Right Hull
The hull, or shotshell case, is the foundation of your TSS load. For 20 gauge loads, the most common hull lengths are 2-3/4″ and 3″. The choice between these two lengths will depend on your desired velocity and shot charge.
- 2-3/4″ Hulls: These shorter hulls are typically used for lower-velocity loads and smaller shot charges. They are lighter and more compact, making them easier to carry in the field.
- 3″ Hulls: The extra length of 3″ hulls allows for higher velocities and larger shot charges, which can translate to increased range and harder-hitting power. However, they are slightly heavier and may produce more recoil.
Popular hull options for 20 gauge TSS loads include offerings from Remington, Winchester, and Fiocchi, among others. Consider the specific requirements of your shotgun and intended application when selecting the appropriate hull.
Wad Selection
Wads play a crucial role in protecting the shotgun barrel, sealing the shot charge, and promoting consistent patterns. For 20 gauge TSS loads, you’ll typically need the following wad components:
- Over Powder Wad: This wad sits directly on top of the powder charge and helps protect the shot from direct exposure to the burning powder.
- Cushion Wad: The cushion wad, also known as a filler wad, fills the space between the over powder wad and the shot charge, helping to maintain consistent shot positioning.
- Sealing Wad: The sealing wad, or gas seal, helps prevent gas blowback and ensures efficient energy transfer from the burning powder to the shot charge.
Wad thickness and diameter are crucial considerations, as they directly impact the overall length and crimp quality of the finished load. Consult load data or seek guidance from experienced reloaders to select the appropriate wads for your 20 gauge TSS recipe.
Powder Selection
The powder selection for your 20 gauge TSS load will depend on several factors, including the desired velocity, shot charge weight, and overall length. Here are some popular powder choices for 20 gauge TSS loads:
- Hodgdon Lil’Gun
- Alliant Steel
- Ramshot ZakRemington
- Remington Nitro 27
- Accurate 1680
When determining the appropriate powder charge, consider the shot charge weight, desired velocity, and overall length limitations. Typical powder charges for 20 gauge TSS loads range from 18 to 25 grains, but always refer to published load data or consult experienced reloaders for safe and accurate charge weights.
TSS Shot Selection
The heart of a TSS load is the tungsten-based shot charge. Several manufacturers offer TSS blends, each with its unique characteristics. Some popular options include:
- HEVI-Shot
- Tungsten Super Shot (TSS)
- Bismuth
- HeviMetl
When selecting the TSS shot charge, consider the pellet size and weight. Larger pellet sizes, like #7 or #8, are often preferred for waterfowl hunting, as they deliver more energy on target and provide a denser pattern at longer ranges. Typical shot charges for 20 gauge TSS loads range from 7/8 to 1-1/8 ounces, depending on the desired performance and overall length constraints.
Reloading Process for 20 Gauge TSS Loads
Once you’ve gathered the necessary components, it’s time to start reloading your 20 gauge TSS loads. Here’s a step-by-step guide to the reloading process:
- Safety First: Always follow proper safety procedures when reloading ammunition. Wear appropriate eye and ear protection, and work in a well-ventilated area.
- Case Preparation: Inspect your hulls for any defects or deformities. Clean and resize them as needed.
- Powder Charge: Using a precise powder scale, measure and charge the appropriate amount of powder into each hull.
- Wad Installation: Carefully seat the over powder wad, cushion wad, and sealing wad in the correct order and orientation.
- Shot Charge: Carefully pour the desired amount of TSS shot into the hull, ensuring an even and consistent charge.
- Crimp and Seal: Using a crimp starter and a finishing die, crimp the hull to seal the shot charge and ensure a proper overall length.
- Visual Inspection: Inspect each finished round for any defects or inconsistencies before proceeding.
- Box and Label: Properly box and label your freshly reloaded 20 gauge TSS ammunition.
Remember, consistency is key when reloading. Strive for uniformity in powder charges, shot weights, and overall lengths to ensure predictable performance and patterns.
Pattern Testing Your 20 Gauge TSS Loads
Once you’ve reloaded your 20 gauge TSS ammunition, it’s crucial to pattern test your loads to ensure they perform as expected. Patterning helps you evaluate the density, evenness, and overall performance of your loads at various distances.
Here’s how to properly pattern test your 20 gauge TSS loads:
- Set Up: Choose a safe and appropriate location for patterning, such as a dedicated patterning range or a suitable backstop.
- Target Setup: Hang a large patterning target (at least 30″ x 30″) at the desired distance, typically ranging from 20 to 40 yards for waterfowl hunting.
- Shooting Position: Assume a stable shooting position, either from a bench rest or a consistent standing or sitting position.
- Shoot and Evaluate: Fire several shots onto the patterning target, carefully noting the pattern density, evenness, and any potential flyers or holes.
- Analyze Patterns: Carefully examine the patterns, looking for consistent density and an even distribution of pellet strikes across the target.
- Adjust and Repeat: If the patterns are unsatisfactory, make adjustments to your load recipe (powder charge, shot weight, etc.) and repeat the patterning process until you achieve the desired performance.
Patterning is an iterative process, and it may take several adjustments to find the sweet spot for your specific 20 gauge TSS load recipe. Be patient and document your findings to ensure consistent and reliable performance in the field.
Fine-Tuning Your Recipe
Based on your pattern testing results, you may need to fine-tune your 20 gauge TSS load recipe to achieve optimal performance. Here are some common adjustments you can make:
- Increase/Decrease Powder Charge: If your patterns are too loose or too tight, adjusting the powder charge can help achieve the desired velocity and pattern density.
- Adjust Shot Charge: Increasing or decreasing the TSS shot charge can also impact pattern density and energy delivery.
- Change Wad Components: Experimenting with different wad types, thicknesses, or diameters can sometimes improve pattern consistency and overall performance.
Remember to make incremental changes and thoroughly document each adjustment. Reloading is a precise process, and even minor tweaks can have significant impacts on your load’s performance.
Best Chokes for 20 Gauge TSS Loads
The choke constriction you choose for your 20 gauge TSS loads can greatly influence the pattern density and overall performance. Here are some general guidelines for choke selection:
- Improved Cylinder: For close-range waterfowl hunting (15-25 yards), an Improved Cylinder choke can provide a wide, open pattern suitable for fast-moving targets.
- Modified: A Modified choke is a versatile choice, often recommended for mid-range waterfowl hunting (25-35 yards).
- Full: For longer-range applications (35-45 yards), a Full choke can help maintain a denser and more consistent pattern with TSS loads.
It’s also important to consider whether your shotgun has fixed or interchangeable choke tubes. Fixed chokes limit your flexibility, while interchangeable tubes allow you to experiment and adjust the constriction based on your specific needs and hunting scenarios.
Additionally, keep in mind that choke constriction and effective range are closely related. Tighter chokes generally perform better at longer ranges, while more open chokes excel in close-quarter situations.
Recommended 20 Gauge TSS Recipes
To help you get started, here are some proven 20 gauge TSS load recipes from various manufacturers and experienced reloaders:
HEVI-Shot 20 Gauge TSS Load Data
| Component | 2-3/4″ Load | 3″ Load |
|---|---|---|
| Hull | Winchester AA | Winchester AA |
| Powder | Lil’Gun (22 gr) | Lil’Gun (24 gr) |
| Over Powder Wad | Winchester WAA12 | Winchester WAA12 |
| Cushion Wad | HEVI-Shot Cushion | HEVI-Shot Cushion |
| Sealing Wad | HEVI-Shot Gas Seal | HEVI-Shot Gas Seal |
| Shot Charge (TSS #9) | 1 oz | 1-1/8 oz |
| Overall Length | 2.6″ | 3″ |
| Estimated Velocity (fps) | 1300 | 1350 |
Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) 20 Gauge Load Data
| Component | 2-3/4″ Load | 3″ Load |
|---|---|---|
| Hull | Remington STS | Remington STS |
| Powder | Alliant Steel (21 gr) | Alliant Steel (24 gr) |
| Over Powder Wad | Remington SP117 | Remington SP117 |
| Cushion Wad | TSS CW20 | TSS CW20 |
| Sealing Wad | TSS GS20 | TSS GS20 |
| Shot Charge (TSS #7.5) | 7/8 oz | 1 oz |
| Overall Length | 2.55″ | 2.95″ |
| Estimated Velocity (fps) | 1250 | 1325 |
Note: These are examples, and you should always consult the latest load data from reputable sources and follow all safety guidelines when reloading.
When selecting a recipe, consider your specific hunting scenarios, shotgun specifications, and desired performance characteristics. It’s also recommended to start with a conservative load and work your way up, carefully monitoring patterns and pressure signs.
Crafting the perfect 20 gauge TSS load recipe is a rewarding and precision-driven process. By understanding the key components, reloading techniques, and patterning methodologies, you can unlock the full potential of TSS loads for your waterfowl hunting adventures.
Remember, experimentation and attention to detail are crucial. Don’t be afraid to fine-tune your recipes, adjust component selections, and thoroughly pattern test your loads. With patience and dedication, you’ll be able to develop a reliable and effective 20 gauge TSS load that consistently delivers dense patterns and hard-hitting performance.
Embrace the journey, stay safe, and enjoy the satisfaction of handloading your own high-performance TSS ammunition. Happy hunting!